Table 2 Electrical conductivities of hybrid braided threads and composites tufted with them

Conductivity of copper wire

5.96 × 10⁷

Measured on straightened threads^a

(0.60 ± 0.30) × 10⁷

Conductivity of most conductive threads averaged over time^a

(1.50 ± 0.15) × 10⁷

Calculated for hybrid thread^a, ^b

1.03 × 10⁷

Four straight copper wires in a cylinder of radius R

1.13 × 10⁷

Through-thickness of non-tufted carbon-epoxy ^c

0.74 ± 0.07

Through-thickness of tufted, minimum ^c

0.93

Through-thickness of tufted, maximum ^c

98.89